ICMS and Bluefield-4 DPU

Know Your Enemy, Know Yourself, Part 4: Memory Capacity Bottleneck and NVIDIA ICMS

We explore the technical principles behind NVIDIA’s ICMS — a new storage tier designed to solve the KV cache capacity bottleneck in LLMs — and the Bluefield-4 DPU that manages it.

February 24, 2026 · 12 min · 2456 words
groq logo

Know Your Enemy, Know Yourself, Part 3: Groq's LPU (Acquired by NVIDIA for $20B)

We explore the background of Groq and LPU, their hardware/software design philosophy, and analyze NVIDIA’s intentions behind acquiring Groq.

February 3, 2026 · 20 min · 4156 words
TPU7X Ironwood image

Know Your Enemy, Know Yourself, Part 2 : TPU Emergence and Rise

We explore the background of TPU’s emergence and analyze Google’s AI semiconductor strategy by examining its hardware and software architecture.

January 3, 2026 · 18 min · 3673 words